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Ratio of T-Cell Subsets Predicts Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients

AJAS · 2025 Biomedical and Health Sciences (inferred)

Paridhi Tyagi · New Jersey Academy of Science

Overview

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and poses a clinical challenge due to lack of actionable targets, aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Currently, research has been done related to how the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells influence prognosis in TNBC (Kai Wang MD et al., 2017). This shows how the interaction between the T-cell subsets have the potential to amplify or mitigate immune response, but other T cell subsets have not been taken into account. The research question driving this exploration is whether the relative proportions and characteristics of infiltrates in TNBC hold predictive value for patient prognosis. Deidentified data from two publicly available datasets (TCGA and METABRIC) were downloaded for the study. Logistic regression was used to create a classification model. Model output was cross-validated using statistical tests. It was found that higher ratios of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and TH1 T cells to Tregs and TH2 T cells are statistically correlated with prognosis in patients with TNBC with a p-value of < 0.00001 at 95% confidence level using a Mann Whitney U test. This finding further supports how Tregs and TH2 T cells are associated with an immunosuppressive environment. The ratio can thus be considered a candidate for risk stratification, which will lead to suitable treatment, adequate resource utilization of resources, and eventually increased survival rates. This analyzed a total of 207 patients, which may limit the Logistic Regression model. Future studies could use larger samples stratified by age, sex, economic background, etc. Lastly, this study has the potential to be expanded to other cancers, which opens up a new avenue for further research.

Competition history

  • AJAS 2025 Category not listed

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Source: AAAS Annual Meeting (Confex) / American Junior Academy of Science

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