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Parametric Optimization of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Geometries for Ultra-Low-Cost PFAS Remediation Filters

CSEF · 2026 Environmental Engineering (Senior Division)

Kelly Zhao, Trisha Shivakumar

Overview

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are “forever chemicals” contaminating global drinking water, with concentrations varying widely across communities. We create modular filters that are over 20x cheaper than current systems while meeting the EPA’s 4 parts per trillion (ppt) Maximum Contamination Limit across 4–200 ppt conditions. We developed 3D-printed Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) filters coated with activated carbon, where PFAS removal performance is controlled through macroscopic geometry rather than only materials. By combining computational fluid dynamics and an AI random forest search algorithm, we identified a novel hybrid TPMS geometry that increases particle–wall interactions while maintaining low pressure drop, achieving up to 94% removal. We validated filtration performance using surrogate pigment colorimetry, followed by EPA-certified PFAS testing on drinking water samples from Santa Clara County. Our novel system reduces cost to under $2 per person per year, offering a low-cost, adaptive alternative to current PFAS remediation technologies.

Competition history

  • CSEF 2026 Environmental Engineering (Senior Division) · Entry S-11-26

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