Effect of Channels on Vascularization/Immune Response of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

AJAS · 2022 Medicine

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Overview

Although the use of porous scaffolds in tissue engineering has been relatively successful, there are still many limitations that need to be addressed: low vascularization, low oxygen and nutrient levels, and immune-induced inflammation. As a result, current porous scaffolds are insufficient when treating large defects. This study analyzed scientific research pertaining to the effects of macro-/micro-channels on cell recruitment, vascularization, and immune response of tissue engineering scaffolds. Most of the studies either contained cell culturing experimentation or experimentation on small organisms such as rats and mice. To find articles pertaining to this specific topic, two sets of keywords were used in PubMed search: “Channel, Vascularization, Tissue Engineering, Scaffold” and “Channel, Vascularization, Tissue Regeneration, Scaffold.” Only twelve articles were found relevant to this literature review. The sacrificial template method, template casting method, and 3D printing method were the most common methods in the fabrication of scaffolds. Some studies combine the sacrificial and 3D printing methods to design and create their scaffold. The majority of the studies are focused on bone and myocardial tissue engineering. The overall results from these studies showed that the incorporation of channels within scaffolds greatly increased vascularization, reduced immune response, and was much more beneficial for cell and growth factor recruitment compared with control groups, which contained no channels. Currently, the study with channeled tissue engineering scaffolds is still relatively new. More research is necessary in the future, especially in large animal models, in order to achieve clinical translations.

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My Story

Hi, my name is Nolan Wen. I am a Junior at the American Heritage School of Boca/Delray. Outside of research, in my free time, I love playing the piano, reading books, and learning about science. I first started doing research about three years ago when I was in 8th grade, and I have found a love and passion for it. Since my dad does research for a living, after hearing about all of his projects and new discoveries, I was also inclined to start my own research. In 8th grade, my first research project involved the studying of the effect of number of cuts on Planaria regeneration. Performing all of these experiments was extremely fun and interested and inspired me to do research in high school. In 9th grade, I began to work on a project, Effect of Cyanoacrylate on the Setting Time and Adhesive Strength of a Liquid Bandage. Although it was tiring to be in lab for many hours and sometimes frustrating when problems arose, I found doing research extremely rewarding. Being able to present my research to my class and at other competitions like Sigma Xi and JSHS showed me that my hard work paid off. I presented and became a AJAS lifetime fellow last year with that project and it was such a rewarding and inspiring event! Last year, due to Covid-19, I wasn't able to work in the lab. Instead, I wrote this literature review, Effect of Channels on Vascularization/Immune Response of Tissue Engineering Scaffold. Although I wanted to work in the lab, writing this literature helped me develop a better understanding of research and the research process. Also, it was extremely exciting to be able to publish this literature review in the Cells journal last year. All in all, being invited to participate in AJAS again this year is a great honor, and I am so thankful that I am an AJAS lifetime fellow!

From the student

Method for Finding Articles: To find articles pertaining to this specific topic, two sets of keywords were used on PubMed; they were “Channel, Vascularization, Tissue Engineering, Scaffold” and “Channel, Vascularization, Tissue Regeneration, Scaffold.” A total or 160 articles were found and only twelve of those articles were selected for this literature review.

Acknowledgments:

I would like to express special thanks to...

My Dad for inspiring me to do research and helping whenever I ran into any problems.

My family for providing me support and constructive criticism throughout my research journey.

My teacher Dr. Thompson for giving me the chance to showcase and conduct research in school.

My school American Heritage School Boca/Delray for providing me an opportunity to write a literature review

My classmates who always helped and gave advice when I asked for it.

Additional Items

Link to published paper on this project: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/6/1514

Images (17)

Awards (1)

  • AJAS Fellows Badge

Competition history

  • AJAS 2022 Medicine

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