Physics and Astronomy
Fourth Award
Just recently discovered, branched flow of light (bfol) describes light beams propagating in intricate and random treetop-like patterns instead of rectilinearly. Building up on current publi…
Robotics and Intelligent Machines
Fourth Award
Walking robots are an important part of the future. Agile, adaptive, and able to walk almost anywhere. They have advantages in hazardous terrain exploration, search and rescue, domestic assi…
Engineering Technology: Statics & Dynamics
Fourth Award
Apple is the most popular fruit around the world, and it is the fruit that I was looking, while came to my mind to develop a time indicator to determine the life of consumable goods. While I…
Biomedical Engineering
Fourth Award
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function and in most cases deteriorate to end-stage renal disease. Early detection helps those at risk t…
Biomedical and Health Sciences
Fourth Award
Microplastics in the air cause respiratory diseases and worsen the health of the population, thus a nose filter with a biodegradable membrane may reduce their adverse effects on the respirat…
Systems Software
Fourth Award
Mind games are puzzles that can be solved using clues and cognitive skills and their benefits in cognitive development have been demonstrated in experimental studies. In addition, an increas…
Chemistry
Fourth Award
A mobile carbon capture device to extract CO2 from car exhaust was designed and built to fit in a normal passenger car, a Toyota Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV). The mobile device was construct…
Microbiology
Fourth Award
Quorum sensing (QS) in bacteria is the process of cell-cell communication for the purpose of acquiring information about cellular density in the environment. The detection of cellular densit…
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
Fourth Award
Missense mutations are a form of genetic variant that result in substitutions of amino acids in protein sequences. These mutations account for approximately half of human inherited diseases…
Physics and Astronomy
Fourth Award
The phenomenon in which a single drop breaks up into smaller drops after deforming into a ring was first observed about 100 years ago. However, it was just recently that the breakup mechanis…
Robotics and Intelligent Machines
Fourth Award
The existence of adversarial examples, which are inputs that force neural networks to misclassify them, represents a major risk in safety-critical applications of deep learning, such as malw…
Behavioral and Social Sciences
Fourth Award
Global adolescent death is not primarily due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or other infectious diseases, but from suicide–the 2nd leading cause of death in adolescents. However, no obj…
Systems Software
Fourth Award
Every passing year, more and more material is introduced into Earth's orbital environment. While regulations regarding end-of-life removal have steadily evolved over the past decades, hundre…
Translational Medical Science
Fourth Award
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is responsible for 864,989 deaths annually, making it the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The leading upstream cause of cancer deaths is a lack of cli…
Mathematics
Fourth Award
We begin by presenting an elementary proof of Ramanujan’s identity for odd zeta values. While Ramanujan's identity has been proved quite a few times earlier in the literature; there has been…
Embedded Systems
Fourth Award
Computer processing speed has historically followed a trend of exponential improvement. This phenomenon is explained by Moore’s Law, which states that the number of transistors in a microchi…
Embedded Systems
Fourth Award
Surgical lighting is critical for patient safety and staff comfort and should be designed to enable the medical team to focus exclusively on the surgical operation. The current manual focus…
Energy: Sustainable Materials and Design
Fourth Award
Over the past 100 years, the earth has been increasingly affected by the production of energy through toxic means, in particular - fossil fuels. However, recently wave energy has emerged as…
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Fourth Award
Air pollution is one of the world's most critical challenges today, generating numerous premature deaths and diseases and negatively impacting the environment. Therefore, forecasting air qua…
Biomedical Engineering
Fourth Award
The major risk factor of skin cancer, one of the most common types of preventable cancers, is exposure to UV radiation, which has recently increased as an effect of global warming. This rese…
Physics and Astronomy
Fourth Award
Optical fiber-based sensors are becoming more and more attractive over other types of sensors thanks to their ability to function in unconventional environments over long distances with a si…
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Fourth Award
Despite the global climate is clearly warming, many regions experienced extremely cold weather in recent years. The cold events were often attributed to the negative Arctic Oscillation (AO)…
Animal Sciences
Fourth Award
The Red-crowned Parrot (Amazona viridgenalis; RCPA) is a monotypic species native to northeastern Mexico, where it is considered endangered by IUCN due to capture for the cagebird trade and…
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Fourth Award
The Dana Glacier, a small Little Ice Age cirque glacier in the Sierra Nevada mountains, is rapidly retreating due to climate change. To predict when the Dana Glacier will disappear, I measur…
Energy: Sustainable Materials and Design
Fourth Award
The current mainstream idea for oxygen production on Mars has inefficiencies and produces the dangerous byproduct of hydrogen. I have developed a system that offers a resource-efficient alte…
Chemistry
Fourth Award
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been connected to changes in liver function, immunity issues, thyroid disease, and kidney and testicular cancer. Due to these effects, PFOA is banned for us…
Behavioral and Social Sciences
Fourth Award
Linguistic polarization is a change in frequency of policy references in a representative’s lexicon. When incumbent representatives face challengers, they may change their speech patterns to…
Engineering Technology: Statics & Dynamics
Fourth Award
For the past two decades, the aviation industry has been increasingly placing a heightened focus on maximizing the efficiency of air travel to both maximize profits as well as to minimize en…
Embedded Systems
Fourth Award
The potential for penetrative bodily injury is a daily risk taken by those in the military, law enforcement, and other high-risk occupations. If the injured are unable to call for help or ar…
Biomedical and Health Sciences
Fourth Award
Coronavirus, an RNA virus that causes COVID-19, has spread widely around the globe. However, not only RNA-type viruses, but DNA-type also exist. An accurate and portable diagnostic technique…