Toxicity of Chalcones 17, 25, and 30 on Caenorhabditis elegans

Overview

This project investigates the effects of three synthetic chalcones, compounds 17, 25, and 30, on Caenorhabditis elegans. This nematode species was used as a non-parasitic model for plant-parasitic nematodes. The goal was to determine if chalcones could reduce nematode survival, offering a safer and environmentally conscious alternative to conventional chemical nematicides. Lifespan assays were carried out by exposing synchronized L4-stage C. elegans to each chalcone at 10⁻⁴ M and 10⁻⁵ M. Groups were monitored daily with worm count being recorded until all had died. The positive control of a 25 mM hydrogen peroxide solution was to confirm lethality, while M9 buffer served as a negative control, allowing natural survival. The experiment produced clear differences in survival between groups. Chalcone 25 was the most toxic, significantly reducing lifespan at both concentrations, being most effective at 10⁻⁴ M. Chalcone 30 reduced survival to a lesser extent. Chalcone 17 had minimal impact, particularly at the lower dose. Survival in the Chalcone 17 group was nearly identical to the M9 buffer control, indicating low toxicity. These results suggest that Chalcone 25 may be a strong candidate for further testing as a bio-based nematicide. Its effectiveness, combined with the Chalcone 17’s low toxicity, offers a framework for identifying which structures are safest yet effective. As agriculture faces pest resistance and environmental concerns tied to harsh pesticides, safer alternatives are becoming more important. Chalcones, having variable structures and simple synthesis, may contribute toward reducing crop losses, long-term soil health, and maintaining food security.

Competition history

• CSEF 2026 Biochemistry/ Molecular Biology (Senior Division) · Entry S-04-21

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