Prioritization of Pneumothorax Diagnosis in Management: Automating a Severity-Based Urgency List System with Deep Learning

Overview

Pneumothorax, known as the presence of air within the pleural space, has a reputation of demanding timely intervention. But when this abnormality is classified as a tension pneumothorax, the situation becomes life- threatening and in need of emergency care. To continue with an urgent intervention procedure, a radiologist must first interpret a radiograph of the case, and issue directions for further treatment. The absence of a standardized approach in prioritization of pneumothorax cases often results in the lack of a specific order for viewing studies, potentially de laying critical diagnoses. To solve this, a machine learning pipeline was developed with the fundamental functionality of creating segmentation masks, a severity score of a case, and an urgency -list function to enhance the process of a prioritization workf low and decrease negative effects and fatalities due to pneumothoraces. The model was trained on a dataset from the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine which contained 10675 annotated run length encoded pneumothorax images. Using a U -Net based mode l with primary EfficientNetB4 layers, semantic segmentation was achieved to highlight sections of the pleural cavity classified as pneumothorax. The model reached dice coefficient accuracy of 0.8038, pixel-wise accuracy of 0.9961, IoU of 0.9305, precision of 0.7477, recall of 0.8, and anomaly detection accuracy of 0.8120. After generating plots of images organized by their calculated severity scores through volume measurement, the pipeline exhibited accurate performance in displaying results classified as l ife-threatening at the top of the UrgencyList and results with no pneumothorax detected at the bottom. The Effect of Out of Envelope CG on Model Aircraft Distance Performance Nicholas Vail Sigonella High School, Italy The study and calculation of CG or center of gravity is crucial in the aerospace fields. It in short ensures that planes stay balanced in the air and are able to maintain straight and level flight. Center of Gravity calculations are the number one cause fo r general aviation accidents and incidents. Having a better understanding of the effects of imbalanced CG could allow for the improving of safety in general aviation and could better prepare pilots if they are in a position where their plane is imbalanced. It is clear in aviation that the more prepared you are the better the outcome. The testing was done with a launching device that ensured equal launches and angles every time. Distance was then measured and centers of gravity calculated using the standard weight, arm, moment method. The results showed that in all cases centers of gravity displaced more then 11% forward or aft result in poor distance performance and dangerous irregular flight patterns. In conclusion it was determined that balanced CG is cruc ial to safe flight and also the ability to fly straight and level. Overall distance performance decreased during both forward and aft displacements resulting in worse performance. DoDEA Pacific Potential of Seagrass as a Localized Bioremediation Agent for Ocean Acidification in Coral Reef Ecosystems Shannon Flaherty Humphreys High School, Camp Humphreys, Republic of Korea Teacher Mr. Scott Bittner, Humphreys High School Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. Burning of fossil fuels pollutes the atmosphere with increased carbon dioxide (CO₂) which leads to ocean acidification (OA). This is detrimental to coral health and can cause bleaching and reef damage. Introducing photosynthetic organisms such as seagrass near coral reefs might mitigate the effects of OA and reduce the excess CO ₂ locally, protecting the coral ecosystem. It was hypothesized that seagrass exposed to raised CO ₂ concentrations could remove it through photosynthesis, bu t would have a limit in tolerance to acidity and capacity to influence CO₂ concentration. The seagrass Zostera Marina, in aquarium tanks, was challenged over 4 days during daylight, to increasing concentrations of CO₂ in salt water. The response was studied with controls for CO₂ surface loss, and photosynthesis without additional CO2. The pH values were recorded pre -dawn, and at 30 minute intervals after the addition of carbonated water. The impact of photosynthesis on increased CO₂ levels was measured indi rectly through changes in the pH. When adjusted for surface CO ₂ loss, pH recovered to baseline with a rate of pH change of 0.042 -0.12 per hour. At maximum response, the pH change in the seagrass rank compared to pH in the control tank was statistically significant with t (40) = 6.306, p > 0.00000018 These results suggest that seagrass is a viable buffer for rises in ocean CO₂/H₂CO₃ and if co-planted with coral could mitigate the effects of OA protecting coral from damage.

Competition history

• JSHS 2024 Category not listed

Resources

• National JSHS abstract book ↗

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