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Making Silicon from Sand

CSEF · 2006 Chemistry

Garrett E. Hara · Brightwood Elementary School, Monterey Park

Overview

Objectives/Goals I hypothesized that silica (SiO2) molecules, or quartz, found in common beach sand, could be separated to create pure silicon (Si), a key material in computer processors. An important by-product of this experiment was hydrogen gas, a primary energy source in fuel cells. Methods/Materials This experiment consisted of two-steps: 1) heating a mixture of silica and magnesium, which created silicon and by-products; and 2) pouring the heated mixture into a solution of muriatic acid (HCl) and distilled water. Results The leftover magnesium reacted with the acid producing hydrogen gas and magnesium chloride (MgCl). The magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) byproduct reacted with the acid to produce silane gas (SiH4). The SiH4 combusted on contact with air, which ignited the hydrogen into a flame. The magnesium oxide (MgO)byproduct dissolved and pure silicon was at the bottom of the solution with other unreacted minerals in the sand. Conclusions/Discussion My hypothesis was successful because pure silicon and hydrogen gas were created.

Summary statement

To create Silicon and Hydrogen from chemical reactions involving common beach sand, magnesium, heat and hydrochloric acid.

Help received

Teacher provided lab equipment; Father's friend supervised the project for safety; Father retrieved materials

Competition history

  • CSEF 2006 Chemistry · Entry J0513

Resources

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