Influence of Moon Phases on Tidal Range

Overview

I got my project idea when I experienced a lunar eclipse. That day I was around the beach area looking at the waves in the ocean. And that was what sparked my curiosity! I started to wonder how the phases of the moon affected the tides. This project idea seemed appealing to me because studying the tides is critical for marine navigation and preserving intertidal ecosystems. So now the big question appears, “How do the phases of the moon affect the tides?” I investigated the relationship between the phases of the lunar cycle and the vertical range of coastal tides. While it is well established that gravity governs tidal movements, this study specifically quantifies how the alignment of the Earth, Moon and the Sun influences the intensity of these fluctuations. To prove my hypothesis I collected data over a 30 day period using official NOAA tidal charts and visiting the beach on a regular basis. According to my findings the greatest tidal ranges known as spring tides, occurred during the new and full moon phases. During these periods, the gravitational pulls of the Sun and Moon are aligned causing tides 20% higher than monthly average. Conversely the smallest ranges, or Neap tides, were recorded during the first and last quarter phases, when the Sun and Moon are at right angles, partially cancelling out each other’s gravitational pull. My research favored my hypothesis that moon phases are a primary predictor of tidal amplitude.

Competition history

• CSEF 2026 Earth & Environmental Sciences (Track 2) (Junior Division) · Entry J-09-18

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