Galvanic Processes: Metals and the Battle of Nobility

Overview

This project investigated whether connecting dissimilar metals predictably accelerates corrosion (galvanic attack) or prevents it (cathodic protection). Seven types of bolts (including steel, stainless, and zinc-plated) were tested in control, copper-wrapped, and aluminum-wrapped groups. Each group was submerged in solutions of saltwater matching the salinity of ocean water and 10% hydrochloric acid, matching the pH of strong acid rain. Before submersion, the electropotential was measured in millivolts. After the submersion process, the mass loss of metal was measured and the percentage was calculated. The data supported the hypothesis. In acid, bolts wrapped in noble copper (negative potential) suffered the most loss, up to 35%. Conversely, bolts wrapped in non-noble aluminum (positive potential) were mostly preserved, while the aluminum wire was sacrificed, up to 80%. Ultimately, this proves the value of using the galvanic series chart for engineering projects involving metals, especially when they are exposed to saltwater or acid rain.

Competition history

• CSEF 2026 Materials Science (Junior Division) · Entry J-13-09

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