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First Star Expansions: The Beginning of the Universe

JSHS · 2024

Anneysha Arunima Bahar, Ryan Hazlett · Ottawa Hills High School, Ottawa Hills, OH

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Overview

Halo expansions from the early years hide the mysteries of how the universe’s evolution allowed it to reach the point it currently is in. This is because its properties can be tracked from the beginning of its life to now, and its expansions quantified in order to be able to effectively illustrate how the universe had begun. This paper aims to find a mathematical model that tracks the ever -expanding nature of halos through a basic model in order to be able to create conclusions about how they have evolved. JUPYTER notebook is used with its matplot library and numpy library functions in order to plot, order and sort samples. Visuals and data organization is then done to find the expansion of the halo through mathematical calculation. Halo metallicity is tracked, and hence a metallicity cube is used with Renaissance Simulation data. The model used is one created by infinitesimally small ‘.’ markers that are used to fill up the halos. The halo areas and radii are then tracked to try and understand relationships present among these early halos. Results show that these halos are much smaller than expected values, with a high left skew in terms of areas. They also show that the halo radii follow the normal model, which suggests the halo radii might be a random variable. This allows us to conclude the halos did indeed spread throughout each spatial coordinate, and this expansion can be explained through the use of a mathematical model.

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Competition history

  • JSHS 2024 Category not listed

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Source: Junior Science and Humanities Symposium

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