Family History of Other Cancers on Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Overview

Background: Women who have a family history of breast cancer are known to have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. However, there is much less data on the association of family history of other types of cancer with breast cancer risk, even though it is known that different cancers share genetic risk factors. The aim of the study was to study the risk of breast cancer associated with family history of breast as well as other types of cancers, specifically cervical, lung, leukemia, lymphoma, colorectal, thyroid, skin, and prostate. Methods: Breast cancer cases (N=1232) and mammography-screened controls (N=937) from University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center filled out questionnaires on their family history of cancer and other demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle questions. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, race, and parity was conducted. Because many of these cancers are rare in the population, in order to increase our power, we also conducted a literature review and meta-analysis. Results: In our study, the odds ratios (ORs) for developing breast cancer were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.12 - 7.07, p=0.93) for a family history of cervical cancer, 1.64 (95% CI: 0.61 - 4.43, p=0.33) for lung, 1.15 (95% CI: 0.15 - 8.76, p=0.89) for leukemia, 1.28 (95% CI: 0.16 to 9.81, p=0.81) for lymphoma, 1.08 (95% CI: 0.39 - 3.01, p=0.88) for colorectal, 0.29 (95% CI: 0.06 - 1.39, p=0.12) for thyroid, 2.16 (95% CI: 0.71 - 6.57, p=0.18) for skin, and 1.53 (95% CI: 0.49 to 4.79, p=0.45) for prostate. None of the associations of family history of other cancers with breast cancer risk were statistically significant in our study population. A systematic literature identified thirty-four studies that reported ORs for risk of breast cancer based on family history of one or more of our cancers of interest. Pooled ORs were 1.21 (95% CI: 0.89 - 1.53, p=0.169) for cervical, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02 - 1.24, p=0.014) for ovarian, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.00 - 1.39, p=0.038) for lung, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.3 - 1.39, p<0.001) for leukemia, 1.74 (95% CI: 0.80 - 2.68, p=0.072) for lymphoma, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.16 - 1.36, p<0.001) for colorectal, 1.98 (1.41 - 2.55, p<0.001) for thyroid, 2.92 (95% CI: 1.84 - 3.99, p<0.001) for skin, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07 - 1.37, p=0.002) for prostate. Conclusion: Family history of ovarian, lung, colorectal or thyroid cancer or lymphoma is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.

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