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Development of a Combinatory Filtration System for Pollution and Virus Abatement by Optimized Nanoparticle Deposition

JSHS · 2022

Ishika Nag, Mr. William J. Furiosi II, Dr. Yang Yang · Oviedo High School, Oviedo, FL

Overview

During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have become a critical part of the personal protective equipment for front-line workers and the public, resulting in an acute shortage of effective and affordable masks. Recent studies also indicate a strong correlation between ambient air pollution and COVID-19 cases. Air pollution from particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The goal of this study was to develop a mask with an optimized nanoparticle coating which has a dual capability of particulate matter and virus filtration, while being safe for human use. The nanoparticles were selected based on their filtration, virucidal, and non-toxic properties. Particle filtration efficiency (PFE), tested with PM2.5 from incense sticks measured by laser particle detectors, improved by ~60% with nanoparticle coatings on KN95 and surgical masks. Virus filtration efficiency, tested using nebulized NaCl particles as a virus surrogate, improved by 95% with coated masks. PFE for engineered masks, with dual-layer nanoparticle coatings, initially declined but was restored by recharging. The nanoparticle retention efficacy, improved by 70% with the dual-layer coating, was well within the permissible exposure limits per OSHA standards. An accelerated durability test demonstrated ~95% effectiveness maintained over 4 equivalent days of wear. This technology has several applications such as in personal protective equipment for virus protection, and in air-conditioning and car cabin filters for pollution abatement. In conclusion, the chosen combination of nanoparticles provides an effective and safe solution for both particulate matter and viral particle filtration.

Competition history

  • JSHS 2022 Category not listed

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Source: Junior Science and Humanities Symposium

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