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Dark Matter Mapping Using Galaxy Rotation Curves

AJAS · 2026 Physics and Astronomy (inferred)

Utkarsh Prayaga, Venkat Kakarla · and

Overview

Dark matter's presence is attested to through its gravitational impact on galaxies, seen most saliently in their rotational velocity curves. In this work, the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is examined to investigate its rotation curve and dark matter distribution. Public datasets drawn from SPARC, SDSS, HyperLEDA, and additional astrophysics research papers have been utilized for collecting rotational velocity and observable matter information. Measured rotation curves have been graphed using Python to measure the radial distance from the center of M31. Comparisons between theoretical predictions, calculated through observable matter distributions, and measured values have been performed, with apparent deviations concerning dark matter presence. By utilizing simple gravitational models, "extra" gravitational pull, calculated by reconciling such deviations has been determined. Additional information has also been gained regarding dark matter's mass and distribution in space. Results confirm that M31's rotation curve is relatively flat, in contradiction with predictions according to observable matter alone, and necessitates a dark matter contribution. In providing a graphical demonstration of dark matter's presence in galactic dynamics and in creating a basis of understanding regarding its cosmological role, this work helps to fill in gaps in current cosmology. In the near future, this research will include an extended analysis of a comparative study including various other galaxies in the Messier cluster using gravitational lensing and further research into theories backed up by this study like quantum gravity effects via gravitons. It opens a doorway for future assessments regarding dark matter in a variety of galactic types.

Competition history

  • AJAS 2026 Category not listed

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Source: AAAS Annual Meeting (Confex) / American Junior Academy of Science

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