Incorporating a Highly Sensitive Graphene Nanomaterial and Utilizing an IoT Based ECG Monitoring in Wearable Sensors to Detect the Onset of Cardiac Arrest

Overview

Approximately 56,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur each year in the US, and nearly 90% of these cases are fatal. Currently, ignoring early signs and not receiving immediate care during and after cardiac arrest accounts for this immense fatality rate. Wearable sensors offer a potential solution to this problem by enabling the detection of cardiac arrest symptoms and the provision of timely medical care. This study focuses on the use of a sensitive material that can detect pressure changes during breathing abnormalities such as sleep apnea, which is a common risk factor of cardiac arrest that goes undetected. A graphene-silicon material accurately served as a pressure sensor, changing resistance which each exhale, inhale, and halt through chest movement. Testing on a breathing simulator showed that resistance increased with each inhale, decreased with each exhale, and decreased linearly during halts, indicating sleep apnea. This material is then incorporated on top of a comfortable belt and the resistance values can then be tracked in the morning, which catches sleep apnea when a constant down slope is present regularly. Additionally, the ecg sensor accurately displayed the electrical activity or electrocardiogram (ECG) on Ubidots platform due to using an arduino code with the ESP 32 and AD8232 heart sensor. The code includes an if-else statement that sends a text message to a designated number when ventricular fibrillation or asystole is detected for more than a minute on the graph. This feature ensures the real life scenario of contacting medical care or guardians in the event of an emergency. By combining these sensors, this study offers a potentially effective and quick way to detect cardiac arrest symptoms and provide timely medical attention, ultimately reducing the fatality rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

Awards (1)

• Category Award: HM

Competition history

• CSEF 2023 Chemistry · Entry S0602

Resources

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