Clean Machining A Comparative Analysis of Cooling Systems in Subtractive Manufacturing Using Biphasic CO₂ as a Safe and Environmentally Sustainable Alternative

Overview

Retired Metallurgical Engineer The goal of this research was to demonstrate that Biphasic CO₂ is a viable alternative to liquid coolants used in subtractive manufacturing, in all ways: health, environmentally, and functionality. The investigation started by reviewing MWFs (Metal Working Fluids) used in subtractive manufacturing (milling, drilling, turning, etc.) and their respective limitations. A test matrix for controlled milling and drilling was configured so as to provide data for a comparative analysis of: cutting tool wear, part surface finish, chip size, and exposure. Biphasic CO₂, liquid MWF, and Air Blast was used on three different alloy steels. The functionality data collected consisted of: cutting tool wear as measured by changes in cutter weight and optical inspection, resultant test block surface finish in Ra measured using a profilometer, and chip size determined by visual comparative analysis. The analyses of the health and environmental differences were more subjective, as no quantitative data was garnered. When compared to CO₂, the MWF netted 11x more end mill wear, and air blast 3x, as measured by weight loss. The surface finish with the CO₂ was 16.30% smoother than MWF and 2.61% smoother than Air Blast. The drilling was inconclusive. The research proved that Biphasic CO₂ is a functional alternative to industry standard MWF coolants currently being used in subtractive manufacturing. As no airborne MWF mist is produced either within the machining center or workspace environment, it is speculated that the health hazards should be mitigated. As Biphasic CO₂ nets dry chips higher metal unit recyclability is possible.

Awards (1)

• 1st Place Engineering & Technology

Competition history

• JSHS 2020 Category not listed

Resources

• National JSHS abstract book ↗

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